开发环境的准备

配置jdk和tomcat

集成开发环境idea或eclipse

下载安装外网映射花生壳或Sunny-Ngrok,软件不限

开发模式

开发模式的接入

  • 填写服务器配置

登录微信公众平台官网后，在公众平台官网的开发-基本设置页面，勾选协议成为开发者，点击“修改配置”按钮，填写服务器地址(URL)、Token和EncodingAESKey，其中URL是开发者用来接收微信消息和事件的接口URL。Token可由开发者可以任意填写，用作生成签名（该Token会和接口URL中包含的Token进行比对，从而验证安全性）。EncodingAESKey由开发者手动填写或随机生成，将用作消息体加解密密钥。

  • 验证消息的确来自微信服务器

开发者提交信息后，微信服务器将发送GET请求到填写的服务器地址URL上，GET请求携带参数如下表所示：

参数 描述
signature 微信加密签名，signature结合了开发者填写的token参数和请求中的timestamp参数、nonce参数。
timestamp 时间戳
nonce 随机数
echostr 随机字符串

开发者通过检验signature对请求进行校验（下面有校验方式）。若确认此次GET请求来自微信服务器，请原样返回echostr参数内容，则接入生效，成为开发者成功，否则接入失败。

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package com.webchat.util;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class WxService {
    private static String token = "mywebchat";
    public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {
        //1.将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
        String[] strs = new String[]{token, timestamp, nonce};
        Arrays.sort(strs);

        //2.将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
        String str = strs[0]+strs[1]+strs[2];
        String mysig = sha1(str);

        //3.开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信
        return mysig.equals(signature);
    }

    //进行sha1算法加密
    private static String sha1(String str){
        try {
            //获取一个加密对象
            MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
            //加密
            byte[] digest = messageDigest.digest(str.getBytes());
            //处理加密结果
            char[] chars = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            //处理加密结果
            for (byte b : digest){
                sb.append(chars[(b>>4)&15]);
                sb.append(chars[b&15]);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}
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 	package com.webchat.servlet;

import com.webchat.util.CheckUtil;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/mywebchat")
public class WeixinServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String signature = req.getParameter("signature");
        String timestamp = req.getParameter("timestamp");
        String nonce = req.getParameter("nonce");
        String echostr = req.getParameter("echostr");

        //校验验证请求
        if (CheckUtil.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)){
            System.out.println("接入成功!");
            PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
            //原样返回echostr
            out.print(echostr);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        }else {
            System.out.println("接入失败!");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

接收消息

当普通微信用户向公众账号发消息时，微信服务器将POST消息的XML数据包到开发者填写的URL上。

  • 在上方WeixinServlet的dopost方法中输入
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@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{
	request.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
    response.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
    //处理消息和事件推送
    Map<String,String> requestMap = WxService.parseRequest(request);
    System.out.println(requestMap);
}
  • 在上方的WxService里加入解析xml数据包的方法
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//解析xml数据包
public static Map<String,String> parseRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
    // 将解析结果存储在HashMap中
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
    SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
    try {
        //读取输入流获取文档对象
        InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
        // 得到xml根元素
        Element root = document.getRootElement();
        // 得到根元素的所有子节点
        List<Element> elementList = root.elements();
        // 遍历所有子节点
        for (Element e : elementList) {
            map.put(e.getName(), e.getStringValue());
        }
        inputStream.close();
        return map;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
}

消息的封装

  • 创建com.webchat.entity.message目录,并在目录下创建BaseMessage,class
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 	package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import java.util.Map;

@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class BaseMessage {
    @XStreamAlias("ToUserName")
    private String toUserName;

    @XStreamAlias("FromUserName")
    private String fromUserName;

    @XStreamAlias("CreateTime")
    private String createTime;

    @XStreamAlias("MsgType")
    private String msgType;

    public BaseMessage(Map<String,String> requestMap) {
        this.toUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
        this.fromUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
        this.createTime = System.currentTimeMillis()/1000+"";
    }

    public String getToUserName() {
        return toUserName;
    }

    public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
        this.toUserName = toUserName;
    }

    public String getFromUserName() {
        return fromUserName;
    }

    public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
        this.fromUserName = fromUserName;
    }

    public String getCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }

    public void setCreateTime(String createTime) {
        this.createTime = createTime;
    }

    public String getMsgType() {
        return msgType;
    }

    public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
        this.msgType = msgType;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BaseMessage{" +
                "toUserName='" + toUserName + '\'' +
                ", fromUserName='" + fromUserName + '\'' +
                ", createTime='" + createTime + '\'' +
                ", msgType='" + msgType + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
  • 在com.webchat.entity.message目录下创建继承BaseMessage的ImageMessage类
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 	package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import java.util.Map;

@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage {
    @XStreamAlias("MediaId")
    private String mediaId;

    public String getMediaId() {
        return mediaId;
    }

    public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
        this.mediaId = mediaId;
    }

    public ImageMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap,String mediaId) {
        super(requestMap);
        this.setMsgType("image");
        this.mediaId = mediaId;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ImageMessage{" +
                "mediaId=" + mediaId +",toUserName=" +getToUserName()
                +",fromUserName="+getFromUserName()+",createTime="+getCreateTime()
                +"}";
    }
}
  • 在com.webchat.entity.message目录下创建继承BaseMessage的TextMessage类
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   package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import java.util.Map;
//把Xstream转换的xml头标签里的.类名去掉
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage {
    @XStreamAlias("Content")
    private String content;

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public TextMessage(Map<String,String> requestMap,String content) {
        super(requestMap);
        //设置文本消息的MsgType为text
        this.setMsgType("text");
        this.content = content;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TextMessage{" +
                "content=" + content +",toUserName=" +getToUserName()
                +",fromUserName="+getFromUserName()+",createTime="+getCreateTime()
                +"}";
    }
}
  • 在com.webchat.entity.message目录下创建继承BaseMessage的VideoMessage类
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 	package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import java.util.Map;
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class VideoMessage extends BaseMessage {
    @XStreamAlias("MediaId")
    private String mediaId;

    @XStreamAlias("Title")
    private String title;

    @XStreamAlias("Description")
    private String description;

    public String getMediaId() {
        return mediaId;
    }

    public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
        this.mediaId = mediaId;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public VideoMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap, String mediaId, String title, String description) {
        super(requestMap);
        this.setMsgType("video");
        this.mediaId = mediaId;
        this.title = title;
        this.description = description;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "VideoMessage{" +
                "mediaId=" + mediaId +",title="+getTitle()
                +",description="+getDescription()+",toUserName=" +getToUserName()
                +",fromUserName="+getFromUserName()+",createTime="+getCreateTime()
                +"}";
    }
}
  • 在com.webchat.entity.message目录下创建继承BaseMessage的VoiceMessage类
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 	package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import java.util.Map;
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class VoiceMessage extends BaseMessage {
    @XStreamAlias("MediaId")
    private String mediaId;

    public String getMediaId() {
        return mediaId;
    }

    public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
        this.mediaId = mediaId;
    }

    public VoiceMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap, String mediaId) {
        super(requestMap);
        this.setMsgType("voice");
        this.mediaId = mediaId;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "VoiceMessage{" +
                "mediaId=" + mediaId +",toUserName=" +getToUserName()
                +",fromUserName="+getFromUserName()+",createTime="+getCreateTime()
                +"}";
    }
}
  • 在com.webchat.entity.message目录下创建继承BaseMessage的MusicMessage类,还要建music的实体类
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 	package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import java.util.Map;
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class MusicMessage extends BaseMessage {
    @XStreamAlias("Music")
    private Music music;

    public Music getMusic() {
        return music;
    }

    public void setMusic(Music music) {
        this.music = music;
    }

    public MusicMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap, Music music) {
        super(requestMap);
        this.setMsgType("music");
        this.music = music;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MusicMessage{" +
                "title=" + music.getTitle() +", description=" + music.getDescription()
                +", musicURL=" + music.getMusicURL()+", hQMusicUrl=" + music.gethQMusicUrl()
                +", thumbMediaId=" + music.getThumbMediaId()+",toUserName=" +getToUserName()
                +",fromUserName="+getFromUserName()+",createTime="+getCreateTime()
                +'}';
    }
}
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 	package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
@XStreamAlias("item")
public class Music {
    private String title;
    private String description;
    private String musicURL;
    private String hQMusicUrl;
    private String thumbMediaId;

    public Music(String title, String description, String musicURL, String hQMusicUrl, String thumbMediaId) {
        this.title = title;
        this.description = description;
        this.musicURL = musicURL;
        this.hQMusicUrl = hQMusicUrl;
        this.thumbMediaId = thumbMediaId;
    }

    public String getThumbMediaId() {
        return thumbMediaId;
    }

    public void setThumbMediaId(String thumbMediaId) {
        this.thumbMediaId = thumbMediaId;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getMusicURL() {
        return musicURL;
    }

    public void setMusicURL(String musicURL) {
        this.musicURL = musicURL;
    }

    public String gethQMusicUrl() {
        return hQMusicUrl;
    }

    public void sethQMusicUrl(String hQMusicUrl) {
        this.hQMusicUrl = hQMusicUrl;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Music{" +
                "title='" + title + '\'' +
                ", description='" + description + '\'' +
                ", musicURL='" + musicURL + '\'' +
                ", hQMusicUrl='" + hQMusicUrl + '\'' +
                ", thumbMediaId='" + thumbMediaId + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
  • 在com.webchat.entity.message目录下创建继承BaseMessage的NewsMessage类,还要建Article的实体类
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   package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class NewsMessage extends BaseMessage {
    @XStreamAlias("ArticleCount")
    private String articleCount;
    @XStreamAlias("Articles")
    private List<Article> articles = new ArrayList<>();

    public String getArticleCount() {
        return articleCount;
    }

    public void setArticleCount(String articleCount) {
        this.articleCount = articleCount;
    }

    public List<Article> getArticles() {
        return articles;
    }

    public void setArticles(List<Article> articles) {
        this.articles = articles;
    }

    public NewsMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap, List<Article> articles) {
        super(requestMap);
        this.setMsgType("news");
        this.articleCount = articles.size()+"";
        this.articles = articles;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "NewsMessage{" +
                "articleCount='" + articleCount + '\'' +
                ", articles=" + articles +
                '}';
    }
}
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 	package com.webchat.entity.message;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
@XStreamAlias("item")
public class Article {
    @XStreamAlias("Title")
    private String title;

    @XStreamAlias("Description")
    private String description;

    @XStreamAlias("PicUrl")
    private String picUrl;

    @XStreamAlias("Url")
    private String url;

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getPicUrl() {
        return picUrl;
    }

    public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
        this.picUrl = picUrl;
    }

    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }

    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }

    public Article(String title, String description, String picUrl, String url) {
        this.title = title;
        this.description = description;
        this.picUrl = picUrl;
        this.url = url;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Article{" +
                "title='" + title + '\'' +
                ", description='" + description + '\'' +
                ", picUrl='" + picUrl + '\'' +
                ", url='" + url + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}